Good neuropsychology texts for students and registrars

Students often ask clinicians about neuropsychology texts. Once you get immersed in the field, you need detailed and practical references that move beyond the introductory texts. 

While I prefer to read peer-reviewed articles about neuropsychological disorders and practice, I have a number of favourite texts in my office that I refer to regularly. The ones that are good to own are marked **. The others are worth borrowing from a library and studying if your budget doesn't stretch to buying them. 
(Sorry about the erratic formatting!)

Please use the comments box to mention your own favourite texts.

I love this 1998 text for a clear guide to differentiating focal neuropsychological syndromes. **

Great for understanding the neuropsychological aspects of medical disorders (2010) **

Not little, but plenty of helpful content, and recent (2011). **                                      

Lots of great chapters in this text on a wide range of topics, with handy suggestions for interventions **

Nice online resources supplement this practical volume **        
                         

An Australian book. Eloquent, amusing, and informative, with an excellent chapter at the end about  six not-so-easy clinical dilemmas. Thanks Simon! **

(2003) Great for neuropsychologists who are fascinated by Bayesian analyses and statistics. Good for others to consider as well. From the preface: "Considerable controversy exists between and within factions of neuropsychologists who hold any number of circumscribed views that they often attribute to the superiority of one training model over another. Difference include the number of tests to administer, which among the many available tests should be administered, and how administered tests should be interpreted. Some argue for a purely quantitative analysis where tests scores are compared against established standards. Others demand inclusion of qualitative measures, such as a patient's approach to the test or the way a patient constructs a drawing. Both approaches demonstrate merit. both present limitations. Common to each approach is a reliance on the scientific method for the formation and testing of hypotheses. This work explores scientific methods common to neuropsychological approaches for establishing diagnosis and predicting future or prior performances. Particular emphasis is placed on statistical methods that are readily available to clinical practitioners." (p. vii)

Another worthwhile book that considers important issues of ecological validity       

A guide to making neuropsychological assessment a therapeutic endeavour, particularly useful for those who aren't entirely comfortable with giving feedback.  

Important summary of ethical issues across the lifespan and different neuropsychological practice settings, illustrated by case vignettes.

More ethical vignettes, demonstrating that ethical issues are not simple and that they can arise anywhere. 

A more recent book than the two above, and a nice overview.

Neuropsychologists really need to read about contemporary cognitive research. It might save lots of efforts in developing new tests of "executive functioning" (aka Gf), and in helping us to understand the factors underlying performance on cognitive tests. This book, from 2000, is a good start. We can learn a lot about cognition from studying healthy brains. A lot of patients we see have not suffered brain injuries, and we're being asked about the state of their brain function. The one below is a more recent addition.

On my Christmas wish list. I loaned my second edition copy to someone and never got it back. Oh, and I'd like a working one of these, so that I could have enough time to read everything that I want to!

Transition Rule: DPsych Students enrolled prior to June 2010

There has been some confusion regarding the exact time point in which Doctor of Psychology students (who were enrolled prior to june 2010) are eligible to apply for endorsement. That is, do students need to wait until after the actual graduation ceremony to apply (usually many months after completing all components of the degree) or do students only need to complete all of their degree before applying.

The PBA provided this response to a DPsych student who was enrolled prior to June 2010:

As you were enrolled prior to 30 June 2010, you are eligible to apply for endorsement once your Doctorate is complete (this includes the thesis being marked). Your academic transcript should indicate that the degree has been completed. You don’t have to wait for the graduation ceremony some months later.

There is no deadline for you to apply for endorsement.
 

The deadline applies to people who completed the Doctorate prior to 30 June 2010.

Note, the above advice only applies to Doctor of Psychology students who where enrolled prior to June 2010. The transition rules for Masters and Combined students are different.

what do you want from your research supervision?

The APA Monitor has a nice two-page piece on what advisors (supervisors) and advisees (supervisees) want from each other. It's in the context of academic supervision in the US, but should also apply here in Australia.

The article has a link to a nifty quiz (The Advisory Working Alliance Inventory) in which advisors and advisees can evaluate their working relationship (with built-in scoring and feedback)
http://www.apamonitor-digital.org/apamonitor/20120708#pg76

Wishing you rich and rewarding relationship with all of your supervisors

Fiona

PS Student membership of the CCN only costs $75 per year, and demonstrates your commitment to the profession. It also allows great networking and professional development opportunities, and looks good on your CV...

Have a look at the membership application details at http://www.psychology.org.au/membership/student_subscriber/ 

Further Information Related to PBA Endorsement

Following a few questions that have been received, I thought it would be worth highlighting what is likely the most helpful PBA document concerning the registrar program (click here: Guidelines on Areas of Practice Endorsements). This is not a new document, but it is possible that some students may have overlooked it when searching the PBA website (you may have noticed that I linked the document to the blog I wrote earlier today).

Important details in the document (which is likely to assist students who have emailed me) include:

1)A list of specific forms that need to be submitted in order to start (and complete) the registrar program

2)An outline of the core competencies that need to be addressed (both general competencies and competencies specific to obtaining the “Clinical Neuropsychologist” title –see attachment B)

3)An Important definition of ‘psychological practice’ (i.e. the type of work that counts towards the registrar program). NOTE: the work does not necessarily have to be paid; and is not limited to direct clinical care and can, in some circumstances, include such things as administration, education and research and advisory work.

4)The amount of hours a one-year (1540 hours of practice) and two-year (3080 hours of practice) full-time registrar program must consists of. Importantly, the document clearly details how these hours can be spread (i.e. over a maximum of five years. Though, as outlined in the document, there are minimum requirements per year that must be maintained).

5)Information on ‘board-approved’ supervisors, including the distinction between a ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ supervisor. As the title suggests, both must be board-approved (the ‘secondary’ supervisor does not have to be endorsed in the approved area).

Importantly, the transitional arrangements are not coved in the document. Several PBA documents are available regarding transition arrangements, such as page 5 and 9 of the FAQ.

More detailed information regarding Transitional arrangements are available in the Fact sheet (Transition and grandparentingarrangements for area of practice endorsements). Students who had commenced and was undertaking an APAC accredited higher degree on 30 June 2010 or was a recent graduate on 30 June 2010 are examples of individuals who can apply for an area of practice endorsement under the transition rules.

There are important deadlines specified by the PBA – in some instances to be covered under the transition rule, the registrar program must be completed and the application for area of practice endorsement must be lodged prior to 30 June 2013 (i.e. applicants must submit the application for approval of a registrar program before 30 June 2012 to start the one-year registrar program) (see page 7).

CCN2012 Conference: Expression of Interest to Attend Social Events

The College of Clinical Neuropsychology Conference Committee is currently planning the social programme for this year's CCN2012 Conference in Launceston (22nd-25th November).

A number of great social activities have been planned throughout the conference including a 5km fun run up the Cataract Gorge, a Cocktail party, a student function and a Tamar Valley Vineyard tour.

You can assist the committee by indicating your interest in attending a number of events planned for the conference on a doodle poll that they have set up:

http://www.doodle.com/4ziigmx7mp57g5we

This poll takes less than a minute to complete and is anonymous - only the conference committee will see the names. Please tick the events you're likely to attend, as this will help the committee work out the budget in the coming weeks. It will be assumed that if you tick any one of the events, you're very likely to be attending the conference.

PBA, AHPRA, APS, APS-CCN: Introduction to Key Organisations (and lots of links!)

There seems to be some confusion related to registrar requirements and it seems that some of this might be based on students viewing the PBA endorsement requirements and the APS-CCN Membership requirements and being puzzled that they do not completely correspond.
It is important to emphasise that, while there are many similarities, the Psychology Board of Australia (PBA) requirements for endorsement (i.e. getting the ‘Clinical Neuropsychologist’ Title) is separate to the Australian Psychological Society (APS) requirements for Full Membership for the College of Clinical Neuropsychologists (CCN). Some students may not even fully realise that the PBA and APS are completely distinct organisations.

So I thought I would briefly detail what the PBA and APS are and how they are different.

The Psychology Board of Australia (PBA) is the national board for the psychology profession in Australia - the PBA regulates registration and ultimately the title of “Psychologist” and "Clinical Neuropsychologist.' The PBA is a part of the broader Australia Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). AHPRA also includes other national boards, such as the Medical Board and Dental Board.

The PBA is a fairly new entity. Before the PBA, the profession of psychology was regulated by separate state psychology boards (e.g., a NSW Psychology Board, a VIC Psychology Board etc.), some with slightly different registration requirements, making it a bit confusing if psychologists wanted to practice interstate.

As the PBA regulates the requirements to gain the title of Provisional Psychologist, General Psychologist and finally Clinical Neuropsychologist, to get the title of Clinical Neuropsychologist, students would ultimately want to primarily take note of the PBA requirements for endorsement. Probably the most helpful document pertaining to the PBA registrar program can be found here

The Australian Psychological Society (APS), does not regulate the registration of psychologists or the specialist titles, however it is the largest professional organisation that represents psychologists in Australia. More specifically the Australian Psychological Society College of Clinical Neuropsychologists (APS-CCN) is the section of the APS that represents the specialist area of Clinical Neuropsychology.

APS membership and APS-CCN membership are separate things. One can become a Full Member of the APS without being a Full Member of the more specific APS-CCN (though if an individual is a Full Member of the APS-CCN they are necessarily a Full Member of the more general APS). To become a Full Member of the APS one need to have completed six years of study in Psychology (i.e. be fully registered as a psychologist). To become a Full Member of the APS-CCN one needs to complete additional training similar, but not identical, to the PBA registrar program involving supervised practice. Probably the most helpful link pertaining to the APS-CCN Full Membership requirements can be found here

CCN conference - submissions close Monday 18th June

It's very exciting to see the number of submissions steadily increasing leading up to our deadline.

In case you're a student who'd like to present at the conference, but don't yet have data to report, have you considered submitting a presentation based on your literature review under our "Neuropsychological Controversies" section?

This  presentation type is intended to be an opportunity for students and recent graduates (or anyone, really) to present the most up-to-date information and controversies that they've identified in their research. We figure that students are immersed in the most recent research in a whole range of areas across the lifespan. They're often even more up-to-date than their supervisors. Giving students (and recent graduates) the opportunity to present a controversies and recent developments that they have identified in their research will update the knowledge of those of us who studied long, or not so long, ago, and will also allow discussion and sharing of ideas and references related to the field of study. Research findings could then be shared in the poster session, potentially allowing the student two abstracts in the conference proceedings.

Just as presenting research findings at conferences can help students in preparing their theses, this session may even help in preparation of literature reviews for publication as stand-alone articles...

Have a look at presentation ideas at  http://ccn2012.blogspot.com There's a post on student initiatives that we hope will have you feeling enthused about coming. And sitting down this weekend to write an abstract based on the exciting, new, controversial, clinically relevant information you have discovered in your exhaustive hours of reading the literature....

And don't be intimidated by the Neuropsychology in Action theme - we're interested in any submissions that update our knowledge and understanding of topics in the field - if you're doing research and sharing your insights, that's being active!

Finally, since not all students are aware of the conference, or are even members of the CCN, please feel free to forward the link to this blog to your neuropsychology friends, and encourage them to join! The more the merrier, and the easier it will be for us to develop a collaborative community of neuropsychologists.

Annual College of Clinical Neuropsychology Conference Blog

In case you haven't already, check out the CCN2012 Conference blog for important information regarding the upcoming CCN2012 conference in Launceston [http://ccn2012.blogspot.com.au/].

The annual CCN conferences are always a highlight of the year and students and registrars are highly encouraged to attend. This is also the perfect opportunity for students and registrars to participate in presentations and posters of their research - all done in an encouraging and non-threatening environment. Closing date for submissions is June 18th, and the submission process is explained on the CCN2012 blog. Please direct any questions you may have to the CCN2012 Blog.

Check out the beautiful pictures of Tasmania on the CCN2012 Conference blog if you need any further encouragement of attending :)

Getting Started with the Registrar Program

A big thank you to Danielle Moore, who is currently in the registrar program, for her detailed responses to the following questions.


1) What forms need to be filled out?

Applicants will need to complete the following form, have it signed by their supervisor, and submit it to AHPRA [Application for approval of registrar program in an endorsed area of practice as a Psychology Registrar - AEAP-76]. The form is fairly straightforward. The applicant will also need to arrange for their academic transcripts to be sent by their uni directly to AHPRA. Importantly,the supervisor must be board endorsed (or eligible to be) and this is something important to check with AHPRA before submitting the form.


2) What process is involved with finding a supervisor?

In my own and others experience finding a supervisor is largely the responsibility of the registrar, although some employers have assisted with this process. Also, I believe that the PBA are setting up a list of board approved supervisors, which is another way to find asupervisor in your area: http://www.psychologyboard.gov.au/Registration/Supervision/Search.aspx

3) What paid jobs can a registrar undertake while in the program?

The guidelines on area of practice endorsements (page 7) states:

To be approved by the Board for the purpose of the registrar program, the psychological practice must:

• be within an area of practice approved for endorsement

• consist of a minimum of 176 hours per annum of direct client contact (client contact means direct client contact performing specific tasks of psychological assessment, intervention, prevention, consultation and management planning)

They define psychological practice as: 

Practice means any role, whether remunerated or not, in which the individual uses their skills and knowledge as a psychologist in their profession. In accordance with the Board’s recency of practice registration standard, practice is not restricted to the provision of direct clinical care. It also includes using professional knowledge in a direct non-clinical relationship with clients,working in management, administration, education, research, advisory, regulatory or policy development roles, and any other roles that impact on safe, effective delivery of services in the profession.

Of the registrars I know (including myself), most are employed in hospital-based positions as neuropsychologists, which of course meets the boards requirements as being within the area of practice. A few are also employed as clinical psychologists, although the bulk of their work is to conduct neuropsychological assessments. As far as I am aware, this is also acceptable. The above suggests that research and other non-clinical hours would also count towards the program, although I am unsure about how AHPRA assesses this. I would advise contacting AHPRA about this issue as the guidelines seem a little vague.

Importantly, being in the registrar program does not affect pay scale - it is the same as before the program was introduced. I have heard a few rumors that pay is reduced, so thought it best to clear this up.

As a general suggestion, the Guidelines on area of practice endorsements -August 2011 is a good place to start when getting ready to apply to the program. It outlines all of the registrar program requirements including the responsibilities of the registrar and their supervisors, required hours of supervision and details the CPD requirements.

Student and registrar questions answered by Psychology Board and CCN

Brin Grenyer, Chair of the Psychologist's Registration Board of Australia, has kindly answered a number of questions posed by CCN student members. Brin's responses are listed below each question below (BG). I have added some notes on behalf of the CCN to the first 3 questions (FB)

1.     Are 'General Psychologists' able to practice under the Medicare scheme if not enrolled in the Neuropsych Registrar Program?

BG: Yes

FB: However, with the Better Access to Mental Health scheme, they are only able to offer items under the FPS, or "focussed psychological strategies." Neuropsychological assessments and cognitive assessments are not included under these items.

2.     Are 'Neuropsych Registrars' able to practice under the Medicare scheme?

BG: Yes if they have a Medicare number (as general medicare providers not providers of clinical services)

FB: Again, under the FPS items, not the clinical psychology items. The legislation for the Better Access items clearly state the types of services that psychologists can offer under these items. They are not typically the kinds of services offered by neuropsychologists. The permitted services do not include neuropsychological assessments. Although some psychologists have called the Medicare help line enquiring about providing neuropsychological assessments under the items, and have been told that they are not excluded, this does not mean that they are included. The permitted services are listed in the item description. Any services not listed in the legislation for the item are not permitted. Medicare items do not usually list the excluded services - imagine how many there would be!!! Providing services under Medicare codes that do not cover these services is wrong, even if a GP sends a referral for neuropsychological assessment to be done under the Better Access scheme. Doctors have been charged with fraud for billing for services that are not covered under the item used. They have had to pay back thousands of dollars if they have billed for services under the wrong code. Don't even think about doing it in order to get more neuropsychological experience. 

The CCN has been working hard with the APS for the last 6 years to get our services covered under Medicare. We are hopeful that we might finally be successful in the next 12 months.

3.     Does the Neuropsych Registrar program necessitate that the individual be employed in a paid position? A number of institutions appear willing to take on Neuropsych Registrars but do not have the funding available for a salary and have suggested the program be undertaken on an unpaid basis. (Are institutions allowed to do this?)

BG: Positions do not necessarily have to be paid and the Board does not differentiate between paid and voluntary positions – as long as the work role enables the registrar to meet the competencies for the registrar program. It is the responsibility of the registrar to negotiate their own salary arrangements with the employer.

FB: it should not be necessary for Registrars to enter into unpaid work arrangements in order to gain their supervision. There are vacancies in neuropsychology positions around the country, particularly in South Australia and regional areas. Employers should provide appropriate specialist supervision to all psychologists as a matter of course, and especially to new graduates. It can be useful to join your state's psychology union to gain assistance in industrial issues like this. The CCN is endeavouring to compile a list of vacancies to make it easier for neuropsychologists to find paid employment.

4.     Do at least one of the Registrar's supervisors need to be employed at the institution where the Registrar is undertaking their work? Most students realise that at least 50% of their supervision must come from a fully registered Neuropsych and member of the college. They are, however, unsure as to the requirements for working in the same institution as their primary supervisor or any of their supplementary supervisors that make up the other 50%.

BG: Not necessarily, while an onsite supervisor is preferable, the regional boards may approve off site supervision arrangements as long as the supervision requirements are still met. At least 50% of supervision must be provided by the principal supervisor who must have unconditional general registration and a clinical neuropsychology area of practice endorsement. APS College membership is not a Board requirement. Up to 50% of the supervision may be provided by secondary supervisors who do not necessarily need to have a clinical neuropsychology endorsement.

5.     Is the Registrar obliged to work only at one institution or are they able to take positions, paid or unpaid, at a number of sites? Does the nature of their supervision impact on this?

BG: More than one work role for the registrar program is acceptable. Supervision plans that propose two or more work roles are considered case by case by the regional boards and the primary considerations are whether the requirements of the registrar program can be achieved in those roles.

6.     What are the limitations around clinical hours being completed as part of research (PhD in the combined Masters/PhD program, RA work, Post Doc) being used towards the total number of hours required to be undertaken in the Registrar Program for endorsement?

BG: Hours completed as part of research would not usually be counted towards the hours for the registrar program, however applications are considered on their individual merits by the regional boards when the application is received.  The registrar program accepts the broad definition of psychological practice, therefore research and other psychological roles including administration and management can all be counted as hours within the registrar program, and there only needs to be a minimum of 176 client-related hours per year. 

7.     The entrance exam for General Reg is being brought in mid-2013. Students completing the Masters or combined Masters/Ph.D degrees are unsure if they must complete their Masters component and apply for general Reg before this time to be exempt from examination, or whether the currently enrolled students have until mid 2016 to apply for General Reg. Please clarify.

BG: Transition provisions for the National Psychology Examination are currently being considered. However it is proposed that applicants who have completed a Masters, Doctorate, or combined Masters/PhD be exempt from the exam regardless of when they complete their qualifications, so these students should not expect to have to complete the exam.

8.     some universities are reluctant to assist neuropsychology postgrad students to obtain general registration after completion of their coursework and placements and the required progress on their research project because it may interfere with the students' completion of their PhD. Are universities allowed to do this? It seems manifestly unfair to deny students the opportunity to gain employment as registered psychologists while completing their PhDs, and it means the universities are contributing to the workforce shortage of psychologists by slowing down entry of qualified psychologists into the workforce.

BG: The Board’s Policy for higher degree students applying for general registration enables early registration in order to commence the registrar program once the student has completed what is substantially equivalent to a Masters qualification. It is the responsibility of universities to determine whether the student has made sufficient progress. If universities do not want to sign the PDEC-76 form to enable early general registration the Board cannot compel them to do so. This policy is currently under review and the Board intends to improve the policy to assist Heads of School with certifying completion of the Masters components needed for general registration. Updates on this will be published on the website.

9.     Is there any update on whether fees for probationary psychologists undergoing postgraduate training will be waived or reduced, given that these students are often living close to the poverty line, are not allowed to work more than 8 hours/week, and that they are covered by the university insurance policies for their professional placement activities?

BG: The waiver of the application for provisional registration fee that was approved in 2010 is still in place. The Board will review this waiver before the end of the current financial year and any changes will be published on the website.

9. The title "clinical neuropsychologist" is protected under national law to psychologists with PsyBA endorsement in the field. The advertising standards say that psychologists should not give the impression that they hold expertise in an area of specialist endorsement for which they are not endorsed. Does it not follow that psychologists without endorsement in clinical neuropsychology are in breach of the advertising standards and general guidelines if they say they conduct "neuropsychological assessments", or if they write in their reports that they have conducted a "neuropsychological assessment"?

BG: Psychologists with general registration may practice in any area of psychology that is within their scope of competence. However only psychologists who have been granted an area of practice endorsement may use the protected title associated with that endorsement, such as Clinical Neuropsychologist. Additionally a registered health practitioner must not knowingly or recklessly claim to hold an endorsement that they do not hold.  The essential issue is whether the public is likely to be misled into thinking a person was a clinical neuropsychologist in the way they present themself and their professional work. If you are concerned that a psychologist is in breach of the advertising guidelines you should make a notification to your local office of AHPRA so that the matter can be investigated.

CCN Registrars: We need your advice!

A number of students have relayed their confusion towards the Registrar Program and have requested more information about the program. One area that has caused a lot of confusion and anxiety relates to the process of starting the registrar program. I would love to do a Q&A blog related to this matter - except I need someone who has started the registrar program to get the information from!

If there is any registrar who has just started the registrar program and would like to share tips and suggestions regarding the process of starting the registrar program with other students (e.g., finding a supervisor, filling out the forms), then please email me.

National Psychology Exam: Student thoughts?

As most of us students know, the PBA is developing a National Psychology Examination, which will be implemented from 1 July 2013. This exam will be for students moving onto general registration. A consultation paper was released by the PBA late last year, which has some updates about the exam. Well worth a read (Click here for the link).

Just a few things I found interesting in the consultation paper:

According to the document, graduates of accredited Masters, Doctorate and combined Masters/PhD programs who apply for general registration until 30 June 2016 will be exempt from having to sit the exam. In other words, merely being enrolled in a degree before that date is not sufficient to be ‘safe' and that we will need to complete our degree, graduate, and apply for general registration before the due date. Having said that, the PBA will review this exemption after the due date and it may turn out that the exemption will be extended.

While specific details of the exam are yet to be released by the PBA, the document states that the exam will be in multiple choice format. Areas in which candidates will need to demonstrate their knowledge include the usual suspects that are pretty standard to postgraduate psychology degrees (e.g., ethics and confidentiality). Other areas of competence, however, seem to have caused a bit of a stir (see the ‘submissions received’ section – this is definitely my favour of the bunch :D), namely the focus on competence in several specific psychological tests (i.e. WAIS-IV, WISC-IV, DASS), which has been argued to discount some fields of psychology (e.g. Organisational Psychologists and Sports Psychologists) and favour others.

Stay tuned to the PBA website for more updates on the exam.

If students would like to voice their opinion on the exam (the good and the bad), don’t hesitate to comment to this blog. As always, CCN students are encouraged to email their state student representative if they have any detailed concerns/comments related to this issue that they might want forwarded onto the national committee.

FAQ for prospective and current psychology students

The APS has a 'Student HQ' section ('Ask APS') devoted to assisting psychology students. Click here for an FAQ regarding studying psychology, careers in psychology and general info about the APS. The site also has an accessible comments page where you can ask questions that are not already listed.

As the Ask APS site is concerned with psychology in general, feel free to ask more specific neuropsychology-related questions here and we will be happy to direct you to the answer.

First blog is the hardest?

Ah! So is that what a blog is? - A 'web log.' Thanks Wikipedia!
As you may have guessed, I have never actually written a blog before. In fact, until a moment ago (before I was enlightened by Wikipedia) I was probably one of the very few people who didn't even fully really know what a blog actually was. I'm far more use to writing more formal pieces, like university essays and research reports - The kind of stuff that makes you learn to associate writing with late nights, tearing your hair out and crying uncontrollably. So does that mean I don't have to reference here? can I use 'I' and 'don't' and, dare I say it, ':D'?

That my first blog relates to the experiences of learning (of writing a blog) is probably appropriate here, given that this blog is all about being a student. More specifically, a College of Clinical Neuropsychology Student. I aim to use this blog to share CCN student and registrar-related topics/issues and would love others to contribute with ideas and suggestions. As CCN students, we are a big group with plenty to say (especially about the large number of registration-related changes in recent years), so feel free to comment.

Oh, and in terms of numbers, there are now 104 of us APS CCN Neuropsychology students (yep, that is the official number, but given that I apparently don't have to reference in a blog, I'm not gonna :D).

Cheers,

Jamie